{"id":331,"date":"2017-04-07T10:07:07","date_gmt":"2017-04-07T09:07:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/?p=331"},"modified":"2017-08-18T09:30:56","modified_gmt":"2017-08-18T08:30:56","slug":"learning-outcome-use","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a learning outcome? And why do we use them?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">As an ADQE Officer I support course validations, both internally and externally, and attend Curriculum Development Approval Sub-committee (CDASC). At these events a significant amount of time is spent ensuring the course and module learning outcomes are aligned to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/en\/Publications\/Documents\/qualifications-frameworks.pdf\">FHEQ qualification descriptors<\/a>\u00a0(2014). Typically, requests for amendments to the learning outcomes\u00a0are made and course teams update\u00a0learning outcomes accordingly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">For some, learning outcomes are challenging, perplexing and difficult to understand&#8230;some even see learning outcomes as an administrative device. However, this is certainly not the case. Learning outcomes support and guide good learning and teaching. They clarify the course or module team\u2019s thinking about what they are aiming to achieve, outlining what is taught and how.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>So what is a learning outcome?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The QAA <a style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/en\/Publications\/Documents\/qualifications-frameworks.pdf\">UK Quality Code for HE Part A: Setting and Maintaining Academic Standards<\/a>\u00a0(2014) defines learning outcomes as a:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8216;Statement of what a learner is expected to know, understand and\/or be able to demonstrate after completion of a designated programme of study (which leads to a qualification).&#8217;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">In non-quality assurance terms, learning outcomes describe what a student should be able to do to successfully complete a course of study. For example:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8216;By the end of the course you should be able to&#8230; analyse risks to computers and computer systems, and recommend, develop, implement and review effectiveness of appropriate safeguards in a variety of contexts.&#8217;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Module learning outcomes are more specific, offering a short guide for students on where the module will take them. For example:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8216;By the end of the module you should be able to&#8230; advise parties to a case involving the sale of land of their rights and obligations, and justify your advice by reference to relevant statutes and cases.&#8217;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>What is the purpose of learning outcomes?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Learning outcomes are incredibly important as they make it clear to both students and staff the expectations for the learner&#8217;s development and how the outcomes will be assessed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Learning outcomes are also vital as they:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">tell students what is important;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">enable good assessment development;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">encourage reflection and good course design and development; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">drive learning.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>How can I devise effective learning outcomes?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phil-race.co.uk\/about-phil-2\/\">Phil Race<\/a>, Making Learning Outcomes Work, argues\u00a0that effective learning outcomes should answer the following <strong>eight<\/strong> questions:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Who <\/strong>do these outcomes belong to? Not just \u2018students\u2019, please! It\u2019s <strong>me<\/strong> we\u2019re talking about. Please refer to me as \u2018you\u2019 when explaining the learning outcomes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>What <\/strong>am I supposed to become able to do? (i.e. what evidence am I working towards providing?).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>How<\/strong> is my evidence of achievement going to be assessed?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Why<\/strong> is this important? Why is it worth me putting time, energy and intellect into working on this?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>When <\/strong>am I going to need to produce the necessary evidence? Along the journey of my learning, or just at the end of the journey?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Where <\/strong>is my evidence going to be assessed? In the lab? In the classroom? In the field? In the seminar? In the exam room? In the work placement?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>So what? <\/strong>What happens if I don\u2019t provide evidence of my achievement of the outcomes? What happens if I don\u2019t achieve them? Does it matter? If it\u2019s important enough, it should matter. Is it?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Wow! <\/strong>What\u2019s the \u2018wow\u2019 factor about this course? Why am I doing it instead of some other course? What\u2019s the \u2018wow\u2019 factor about how this subject is taught here? Why am I here and not somewhere else? What\u2019s the \u2018wow\u2019 factor that this course has that isn\u2019t anywhere else?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em><strong>Do your learning outcomes answer these questions?<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">It would be unrealistic for every learning outcome to address all eight questions, but, at a minimum, learning outcomes should answer the &#8216;what&#8217;s&#8217; and &#8216;how?&#8217; in each outcome and the rest of the questions should be clear to students.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ultimately learning outcomes should be:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Active<\/strong> \u2013 it describes what students can do.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Attractive<\/strong> \u2013 students want to achieve it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Comprehensible<\/strong> \u2013 students know what it means.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Appropriate<\/strong> \u2013 to the student\u2019s current goals and career plans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Attainable<\/strong> \u2013 most students will mostly meet it, with due effort.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Assessable<\/strong> \u2013 we can see if it has been achieved.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Visible <\/strong>\u2013 in the course booklet and on the VLE.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Resources on Learning Outcomes:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/curriculum\/learning-outcome-generator\">Learning Outcome Generator, ADQE Curriculum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/en\/Publications\/Documents\/Framework-Higher-Education-Qualifications-08.pdf\">The Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (August, 2008)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/en\/Publications\/Documents\/qualifications-frameworks.pdf\">UK Quality Code for HE Part A: Setting and Maintaining Academic Standards<\/a>\u00a0(2014)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/phil-race.co.uk\/most-popular-downloads\/\">Making Learning Outcomes Work, Phil Race<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/cobe\/docs\/HongKong080805.pdf\">Learning Outcomes and Their Assessment: Putting Open University Pedagogical Practices Under the Microscope<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk\/partners\/files\/Learning_Outcomes.pdf\">Writing and using good learning outcomes, David Baume<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learnandteachstatistics.wordpress.com\/2013\/07\/01\/objectives\/\">Why learning objects are so important? (2017)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled\"><div class=\"robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing\"><h3 class=\"sd-title\">Share this:<\/h3><div class=\"sd-content\"><ul><li><a href=\"#\" class=\"sharing-anchor sd-button share-more\"><span>Share<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"sharing-hidden\"><div class=\"inner\" style=\"display: none;\"><ul><li class=\"share-email\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-email sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=email\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to email this to a friend\"><span>Email<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-twitter\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-twitter-331\" class=\"share-twitter sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=twitter\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Twitter\"><span>Twitter<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><li class=\"share-facebook\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-facebook-331\" class=\"share-facebook sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=facebook\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Facebook\"><span>Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-linkedin\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-linkedin-331\" class=\"share-linkedin sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=linkedin\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on LinkedIn\"><span>LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><li class=\"share-pocket\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-pocket sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=pocket\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Pocket\"><span>Pocket<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As an ADQE Officer I support course validations, both internally and externally, and attend Curriculum Development Approval Sub-committee (CDASC). At these events a significant amount of time is spent ensuring the course and module learning outcomes are aligned to FHEQ<span class=\"ellipsis\">&hellip;<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/\">Read more &#8250;<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- end of .read-more --><\/p>\n<div class=\"sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled\"><div class=\"robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing\"><h3 class=\"sd-title\">Share this:<\/h3><div class=\"sd-content\"><ul><li><a href=\"#\" class=\"sharing-anchor sd-button share-more\"><span>Share<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"sharing-hidden\"><div class=\"inner\" style=\"display: none;\"><ul><li class=\"share-email\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-email sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=email\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to email this to a friend\"><span>Email<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-twitter\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-twitter-331\" class=\"share-twitter sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=twitter\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Twitter\"><span>Twitter<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><li class=\"share-facebook\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-facebook-331\" class=\"share-facebook sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=facebook\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Facebook\"><span>Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-linkedin\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-linkedin-331\" class=\"share-linkedin sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=linkedin\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on LinkedIn\"><span>LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><li class=\"share-pocket\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-pocket sd-button share-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/?share=pocket\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Pocket\"><span>Pocket<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":198,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"categories":[205],"tags":[123574,123557,123573,141779,27,123554],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.6.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/adqe\/331\/learning-outcome-use\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is a learning outcome? 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