{"id":7323,"date":"2018-09-11T09:30:56","date_gmt":"2018-09-11T08:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/?p=7323"},"modified":"2018-09-08T13:10:55","modified_gmt":"2018-09-08T12:10:55","slug":"facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/","title":{"rendered":"Facilitating discussion and collaborative note-making in lectures through a backchannel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7324\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-900x600.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>What is a backchannel?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u2018backchannel\u2019 is a term coined by Victor Yngve, Professor of Linguistics (1970) to acknowledge subtle and informal responses from a person actively listening to someone else speaking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This term has since been adapted to fit various other contexts. An example of this would be the conversations taking place between the audience during a presentation or lecture. You may have come across a \u2018hashtag\u2019 being used by attendees at a conference to discuss and share their thoughts through social media. This helps to disseminate ideas and extend conversation to other conference attendees, who may otherwise not interact with each other due to the sheer volume of people at an event, and colleagues (not in attendance) who are following the conversations online.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over the past few years, both intentionally and unintentionally, online backchannels have found their place in classrooms and lecture theatres.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Some ways to use a backchannel in teaching<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are many different uses for backchannel communication and often a mix of different approaches will be used or develop organically during a lesson. Here are a few examples for how you may wish to use it.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Collaborative note-making.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> If students are contributing notes collectively then it means that they can individually concentrate more on the lecture and less on their own set of notes. Reading an explanation from a non-expert written in their own words can often make information more accessible to learners who have struggled to understand a point in a lecture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Discussions.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Ask students to discuss questions or topics from a lecture and then summarise their conversations on the backchannel. This can be useful for engaging less confident students or for splitting larger classrooms into small group discussions and providing a way to feedback to the rest of the class and tutor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sharing resources.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A backchannel does not have to be limited to notes and conversations, it could be used to share student-created or curated online articles, images, multimedia, project files and more.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Entry and Exit tickets.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A backchannel \u00a0can be used at the start or end of a lecture to provide an opportunity for students to ask questions or share an opinion. This can inform the tutor about what students have learnt, what they have struggled with or would like to know more about.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Outside engagement.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Online discussions do not have to be confined to those in the classroom, when combined with social media they can become a platform for students or tutors to invite comments from peers, experts in other disciplines, professionals or the wider public.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>How to use a backchannel<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whilst it might be tempting to create a space for students to chat online and leave them to their own devices, this might not be appropriate for students who are new to this type of communication or lack the level of independent study skills to use these tools efficiently. You may wish to provide students with directions on the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ground rules and etiquette<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to set the tone and create a safe and welcoming environment for sharing and discussion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>What to use the backchannel for:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> e.g. taking notes on lecture content, providing feedback on the lecture, asking questions, debating ideas with other students.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>When to use the backchannel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> during your lesson, e.g. at the end of the lecture, as of when they feel necessary, at specific times to contribute to discussion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>How to use it afterwards:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> e.g. revision-notes, continued discussion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Who can contribute:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> e.g. one person per group, anyone in the class, public forum to generate opinion from experts or the wider public.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Backchannel tools or applications<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are many tools available for facilitating backchannels, here are a few recommendations which are either supported by Technology Enhanced Learning or free to use.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Canvas Chat. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The new University of Sussex online study platform includes a chat facility which can be used within module sites. This is a basic chat which allows for text-based discussions between all students and tutors on a module. The advantage of using this tool is that it is simple to use, no signup is required and names will automatically be identified in the chat. See <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/community.canvaslms.com\/docs\/DOC-13071-415255286\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canvas guides for more information<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Twitter <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0is a widely used social media platform which uses the notion of a hashtag to create conversations that anyone can view or contribute to, \u00a0they know the hashtag. Note, that a twitter account is required to contribute. See <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.edudemic.com\/guides\/guide-to-twitter\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Teachers Guide to Twitter for more information.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Padlet is<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> an online virtual noticeboard which can be used to easily share different types of content and can be \u00a0either closed to a group or publicly available. The University of Sussex recently subscribed to an institutional account, please see our <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/04\/padlet-backpack-now-available-at-sussex\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">recent blogpost<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or contact <\/span><a href=\"mailto:tel@sussex.ac.uk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">tel@sussex.ac.uk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for help setting up your account or for ideas for using Padlet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Google Slides,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the online presentation software. includes a Q&amp;A tool which enables the audience to send questions to the presenter without disturbing the flow of the presentation. Although less elegant than the other options, it is a quick and easy solution to collect audience questions. See <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blog.google\/products\/docs\/slidesqa\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Talk with your audience &#8211; not at them &#8211; with slides Q&amp;A for more information<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Please contact <\/span><a href=\"mailto:tel@sussex.ac.uk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">tel@sussex.ac.uk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for more specific advice on any of the topics mentioned in this post and support with integrating backchannel communication into your teaching practice.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">References<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yngve, Victor (1970) &#8220;On getting a word in edgewise,&#8221; Papers from the Sixth Regional Meeting [of the] Chicago Linguistic Society, page 568.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled\"><div class=\"robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing\"><h3 class=\"sd-title\">Share this:<\/h3><div class=\"sd-content\"><ul><li class=\"share-twitter\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-twitter-7323\" class=\"share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=twitter\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Twitter\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-facebook\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-facebook-7323\" class=\"share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=facebook\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Facebook\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-tumblr\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-tumblr sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=tumblr\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Tumblr\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-print\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-print sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to print\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to print (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-pinterest\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-pinterest-7323\" class=\"share-pinterest sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=pinterest\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Pinterest\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-pocket\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-pocket sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=pocket\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Pocket\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a backchannel? 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This term has since been adapted to fit<span class=\"ellipsis\">&hellip;<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/\">Read more &#8250;<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- end of .read-more --><\/p>\n<div class=\"sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled\"><div class=\"robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing\"><h3 class=\"sd-title\">Share this:<\/h3><div class=\"sd-content\"><ul><li class=\"share-twitter\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-twitter-7323\" class=\"share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=twitter\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Twitter\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-facebook\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-facebook-7323\" class=\"share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=facebook\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Facebook\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-tumblr\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-tumblr sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=tumblr\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Tumblr\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-print\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-print sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to print\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to print (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-pinterest\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"sharing-pinterest-7323\" class=\"share-pinterest sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=pinterest\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Pinterest\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-pocket\"><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-shared=\"\" class=\"share-pocket sd-button share-icon no-text\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/?share=pocket\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Click to share on Pocket\"><span><\/span><span class=\"sharing-screen-reader-text\">Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"share-end\"><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"categories":[4843],"tags":[137836,4967,100024,4185,161],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4IWEK-1U7","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":8783,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2021\/09\/21\/adding-a-chat-backchannel-to-in-person-classes\/","url_meta":{"origin":7323,"position":0},"title":"Adding a 'chat' backchannel to in-person classes","date":"21st September 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"During the pandemic most lectures have been online - either as recordings or as live Zoom sessions. Academics noticed that the \u2018chat\u2019 facility in the latter encouraged more questions and discussion than they had experienced during in-person lectures on campus. The ability to ask questions without holding up the progress\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Apps and tools&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2021\/10\/unnamed-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":998,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2014\/10\/07\/todaysmeet-embracing-the-backchannel-for-learning\/","url_meta":{"origin":7323,"position":1},"title":"TodaysMeet: embracing the backchannel for learning","date":"7th October 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 TodaysMeet is designed to enhance learning by embracing the backchannel; the \u2018secondary or covert route for the passage of\u00a0information\u2019 (Oxford Dictionary) that runs alongside learning. TodaysMeet for learning and teaching TodaysMeet allows for shared thoughts, questions, and ideas to run alongside a presentation or discussion, in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Technology Enhanced Learning&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2014\/10\/Ten_dot_image-300x225.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5817,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2017\/02\/14\/active-learning-and-teaching-for-large-groups-with-technology\/","url_meta":{"origin":7323,"position":2},"title":"Tech for active learning in large groups.","date":"14th February 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"How can we promote and manage active learning during lectures? How can we measure student understanding and make sure that students are engaging with material? In 1972, Donald Bligh (1) undertook an extensive study on the use of the lecture as an educational format. He found that it was effective\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Learning Design&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"\"Bristol ~ Wales ~ Cardigan ~ Do Lectures ~ London - April 2013\" flickr photo by Samantha_Bell https:\/\/flickr.com\/photos\/samanthabell\/8737957816 shared under a Creative Commons (BY) license","src":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2017\/02\/8737957816_c6cc280ac6.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":8408,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2020\/07\/28\/4-fantastic-uses-for-padlet-in-online-teaching\/","url_meta":{"origin":7323,"position":3},"title":"4 fantastic uses for Padlet in online teaching","date":"28th July 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Padlet is a great tool that allows for a number of synchronous and asynchronous online teaching opportunities, here are 4 fantastic uses for Padlet as part of online teaching and learning: Backchannel and Q\/A spaceSharing resourcesGroup workIntroductory space \/ Social space\u00a0 Backchannel and Q&A space One use for a Padlet\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blended learning&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"a Padlet wall","src":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2020\/07\/2020-07-22_15-39-36.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":8800,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2021\/09\/13\/flexible-tools-for-teaching-online-and-face-to-face\/","url_meta":{"origin":7323,"position":4},"title":"Flexible tools for teaching online and face-to-face","date":"13th September 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This chameleon can adapt to many environments - can our teaching do the same? 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