{"id":7323,"date":"2018-09-11T09:30:56","date_gmt":"2018-09-11T08:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/?p=7323"},"modified":"2018-09-08T13:10:55","modified_gmt":"2018-09-08T12:10:55","slug":"facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/","title":{"rendered":"Facilitating discussion and collaborative note-making in lectures through a backchannel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7324\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/files\/2018\/09\/group-1825510_1920-900x600.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>What is a backchannel?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u2018backchannel\u2019 is a term coined by Victor Yngve, Professor of Linguistics (1970) to acknowledge subtle and informal responses from a person actively listening to someone else speaking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This term has since been adapted to fit various other contexts. An example of this would be the conversations taking place between the audience during a presentation or lecture. You may have come across a \u2018hashtag\u2019 being used by attendees at a conference to discuss and share their thoughts through social media. This helps to disseminate ideas and extend conversation to other conference attendees, who may otherwise not interact with each other due to the sheer volume of people at an event, and colleagues (not in attendance) who are following the conversations online.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over the past few years, both intentionally and unintentionally, online backchannels have found their place in classrooms and lecture theatres.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Some ways to use a backchannel in teaching<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are many different uses for backchannel communication and often a mix of different approaches will be used or develop organically during a lesson. Here are a few examples for how you may wish to use it.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Collaborative note-making.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> If students are contributing notes collectively then it means that they can individually concentrate more on the lecture and less on their own set of notes. Reading an explanation from a non-expert written in their own words can often make information more accessible to learners who have struggled to understand a point in a lecture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Discussions.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Ask students to discuss questions or topics from a lecture and then summarise their conversations on the backchannel. This can be useful for engaging less confident students or for splitting larger classrooms into small group discussions and providing a way to feedback to the rest of the class and tutor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sharing resources.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A backchannel does not have to be limited to notes and conversations, it could be used to share student-created or curated online articles, images, multimedia, project files and more.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Entry and Exit tickets.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A backchannel \u00a0can be used at the start or end of a lecture to provide an opportunity for students to ask questions or share an opinion. This can inform the tutor about what students have learnt, what they have struggled with or would like to know more about.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Outside engagement.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Online discussions do not have to be confined to those in the classroom, when combined with social media they can become a platform for students or tutors to invite comments from peers, experts in other disciplines, professionals or the wider public.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>How to use a backchannel<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whilst it might be tempting to create a space for students to chat online and leave them to their own devices, this might not be appropriate for students who are new to this type of communication or lack the level of independent study skills to use these tools efficiently. You may wish to provide students with directions on the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ground rules and etiquette<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to set the tone and create a safe and welcoming environment for sharing and discussion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>What to use the backchannel for:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> e.g. taking notes on lecture content, providing feedback on the lecture, asking questions, debating ideas with other students.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>When to use the backchannel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> during your lesson, e.g. at the end of the lecture, as of when they feel necessary, at specific times to contribute to discussion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>How to use it afterwards:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> e.g. revision-notes, continued discussion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Who can contribute:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> e.g. one person per group, anyone in the class, public forum to generate opinion from experts or the wider public.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Backchannel tools or applications<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are many tools available for facilitating backchannels, here are a few recommendations which are either supported by Technology Enhanced Learning or free to use.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Canvas Chat. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The new University of Sussex online study platform includes a chat facility which can be used within module sites. This is a basic chat which allows for text-based discussions between all students and tutors on a module. The advantage of using this tool is that it is simple to use, no signup is required and names will automatically be identified in the chat. See <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/community.canvaslms.com\/docs\/DOC-13071-415255286\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canvas guides for more information<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Twitter <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0is a widely used social media platform which uses the notion of a hashtag to create conversations that anyone can view or contribute to, \u00a0they know the hashtag. Note, that a twitter account is required to contribute. See <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.edudemic.com\/guides\/guide-to-twitter\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Teachers Guide to Twitter for more information.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Padlet is<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> an online virtual noticeboard which can be used to easily share different types of content and can be \u00a0either closed to a group or publicly available. The University of Sussex recently subscribed to an institutional account, please see our <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/04\/padlet-backpack-now-available-at-sussex\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">recent blogpost<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or contact <\/span><a href=\"mailto:tel@sussex.ac.uk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">tel@sussex.ac.uk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for help setting up your account or for ideas for using Padlet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Google Slides,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the online presentation software. includes a Q&amp;A tool which enables the audience to send questions to the presenter without disturbing the flow of the presentation. Although less elegant than the other options, it is a quick and easy solution to collect audience questions. See <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blog.google\/products\/docs\/slidesqa\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Talk with your audience &#8211; not at them &#8211; with slides Q&amp;A for more information<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Please contact <\/span><a href=\"mailto:tel@sussex.ac.uk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">tel@sussex.ac.uk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for more specific advice on any of the topics mentioned in this post and support with integrating backchannel communication into your teaching practice.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">References<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yngve, Victor (1970) &#8220;On getting a word in edgewise,&#8221; Papers from the Sixth Regional Meeting [of the] Chicago Linguistic Society, page 568.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a backchannel? The \u2018backchannel\u2019 is a term coined by Victor Yngve, Professor of Linguistics (1970) to acknowledge subtle and informal responses from a person actively listening to someone else speaking. This term has since been adapted to fit<span class=\"ellipsis\">&hellip;<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/2018\/09\/11\/facilitating-discussion-and-collaborative-note-making-in-lectures-through-a-backchannel\/\">Read more &#8250;<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- end of .read-more --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4843],"tags":[137836,4967,100024,4185,161],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7323"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/106"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7323"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7328,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7323\/revisions\/7328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sussex.ac.uk\/tel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}